Mast Cell Tumors in Pets
Mast cell tumors (MCTs) are among the most common forms of skin cancer in dogs and can also occur in cats. They originate from mast cells—immune cells involved in allergic responses—and can vary widely in appearance and behavior. While some MCTs are small and slow-growing, others are aggressive and can spread to lymph nodes, spleen, liver, or bone marrow.
At Central Texas Veterinary Specialty and Emergency Hospital (CTVSEH), our oncology and surgery teams offer advanced, compassionate care for pets diagnosed with mast cell tumors.
What Are Mast Cell Tumors?
Mast cells play a key role in allergic reactions by releasing substances like histamine. When these cells become cancerous, they can form tumors that may release histamine and other chemicals into surrounding tissues—causing swelling, inflammation, and in severe cases, systemic symptoms.
Common Locations:
- Skin or subcutaneous tissue
- Muzzle or oral cavity
- Spleen, liver, or intestines (in more aggressive cases)
Signs & Symptoms
Mast cell tumors can look like many things, which is why any new lump or bump should be evaluated by a veterinarian. Common signs include:
- A raised, firm or soft mass on or under the skin
- Swelling or redness around the mass
- Itchiness or ulceration at the site
- Vomiting or diarrhea (in more aggressive cases)
- Sudden change in size of the mass (due to histamine release)
- Lethargy or appetite loss in advanced cases
Diagnosis at CTVSEH
Accurate diagnosis and staging are crucial for treatment planning. At CTVSEH, we use a combination of diagnostic tools to determine the tumor grade and assess for spread (metastasis):
- Fine Needle Aspirate (FNA) to sample the mass for cytology
- Biopsy for histopathology and tumor grading
- Bloodwork and urinalysis for baseline health
- Abdominal ultrasound and chest X-rays to check internal organs
- Lymph node aspiration to evaluate regional spread
- CT scan for detailed surgical planning, if needed
Treatment Options
Mast cell tumor treatment depends on the tumor’s grade (low vs. high), location, and extent of spread.
Surgery
Surgical removal is the primary treatment for most MCTs. Wide margins are essential to reduce the risk of recurrence. Our board-certified surgeons have extensive experience removing complex or difficult tumors.
Chemotherapy
Used in high-grade tumors, non-resectable cases, or when metastasis is present. Chemotherapy can slow progression and improve survival time.
Radiation Therapy
May be recommended if complete surgical removal isn’t possible or as an alternative to surgery in sensitive locations (e.g., face, limbs).
Supportive Care
- Antihistamines (e.g., diphenhydramine) to control histamine release
- Gastroprotectants to manage GI irritation
- Pain relief and quality-of-life support
Why Choose CTVSEH?
At Central Texas Veterinary Specialty and Emergency Hospital, our integrated care model brings together specialists in oncology, surgery, imaging, and emergency medicine—ensuring comprehensive care from diagnosis through treatment and recovery.
What We Offer:
- Board-certified oncologists and surgeons
- Advanced diagnostics, including CT and ultrasound
- State-of-the-art surgical and chemotherapy services
- 24/7 emergency support
- Personalized treatment plans and supportive care
We are committed to helping your pet live as comfortably and fully as possible.
Schedule a Consultation
Have you noticed a new lump on your pet, or has your primary vet diagnosed a mast cell tumor? Our team is ready to help.
📍 Visit us online: www.ctvseh.com
📞 Call: (512) 892-9038
